Crompton Potentiometer complete setup for physics experiment. The slide-wire type of potentiometer described in the previous article is not a practical form of construction. The long slide wire is awkward, and. Potentiometers. Introduction. A Basic dc Potentiometer. Crompton’s dc Potentiometers. Applications of dc Potentiometers. AC Potentiometers.
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- AC Potentiometer Definition: The potentiometer which is used for measuring the phase and the magnitude of the unknown emf by comparing it with the known emf such type of potentiometer is known as the AC potentiometer. The working principle of the AC potentiometer is same as that of the DC potentiometer, i.e., the unknown voltage is determined by comparing it with the known voltage.
- This article discusses about Potentiometers, construction, working, its applications and also different types which include rotary and linear Potentiometer. Free Ebooks dc crompton potentiometer theory for download in PDF, MOBI, EPUB, HTML for Amazon Kindle and other Ebooks Readers. A Basic dc Potentiometer.
A very cool and easy DC motor speed controller circuit could be build using a just a single mosfet, a resistor, and a pot, as shown below: Using a BJT Emitter Follower As can be seen the mosfet is rigged as a source follower or a common drain mode, to learn more about this configuration you may refer to this post, which discusses a BJT version. Jun 07, 2020.
Laboratory-type or DC Crompton’s Potentiometer: The slide-wire type of potentiometer described in the previous article is not a practical form of construction.
The long slide wire is awkward, and even for the length shown cannot be read to a very great degree of precision. Modern laboratory type potentiometers use calibrated dial resistors and a small circular wire of one or more turns, thereby reducing the size of the instrument.
There is one dial switch with fifteen steps, each having a precision resistor. There is also a crrompton turn circular slide wire. The working current of the potentiometer is 10 mA and therefore each step of dial switch corresponds to 0. The slide wire is provided with scale divisions and since the total resistance of slide wire corresponds to a voltage drop of 0. This textbook ” Electrical cgompton Electronics Measurements by S. Chand ” is the best in industry.
Grab it now for very less price. Construction and Working of basic slide wire dc Potentiometers. Latest samsung nx2000 ilauncher full version. Wilcom embroidery studio e2 dongle crack.
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This potentiometer is provided with a double throw switch which allows the connection of either the standard cell or the unknown emf to be applied to the working circuit.
In order to operate the galvanometer at its maximum sensitivity provision is made to short the protective resistance when near the balance conditions. The following steps are used when making measurements with the above potentiometer: The combination of dial resistors and the slide wire is set to the standard cell voltage.
Supposing the value of emf of the standard cell is 1. The switch S is thrown to the calibrate position and the galvanometer key is tapped while the rheostat is adjusted for zero deflection on the galvanometer. The protective resistance is kept in the circuit in the initial stages so as to protect the galvanometer from being getting damaged.
As the balance or null point is approached, the protective resistance is shorted so as to increase the sensitivity of the galvanometer. Final adjustments are made for zero deflection with the help of the rheostat.
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This completes the standardisation process for the potentiometer. After completion of standardisation, the switch ‘S’ is potentiometerr to operate position thereby connecting the unknown emf into the potentiometer circuit.
With the protective resistance in the circuit, the potentiometer is balanced by means of the main dial and the slide wire. As the balance is approached, the protective resistance is shorted, and final adjustments are made to obtain true balance. The value of unknown emf is read off directly from the settings of the dial adjust slide wire. The standardisation of the potentiometer is checked again by potentioneter the switch S to the calibrate position.
The dial settings are kept exactly the same as in the original standardisation process. If the new reading does not agree with the old one, the second measurement of unknown emf must be made.
The standardisation should be again checked after the completion of the measurement. The single-range potentiometer crompto above is frequently constructed to cover a range potehtiometer 1.
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The circuit of a single potentiometer may be modified in a simple way to add a second range, which is usually by a second factor, such as 0. The below figure shows the schematic diagram of a potentipmeter two range potentiometer. The two ranges are obtained by using two resistors R 1 and Potentiometfr 2 and a range potenriometer switch S. The operation of the duo range potentiometer may be more easily understood and analysed by redrawing in its simplified form by omitting the galvanometer and calibration standardising circuit.
The simplified xrompton is shown below. In the above figure, the total resistance of measuring of the circuit, Rm consists of resistance of the main dial in potentilmeter with that of slide wire. The measuring circuit current I m must be equal to 10 mA in order to produce a voltage drop of 1.
When the range switch S is thrown to position x 0. The design of circuit of a duo-range potentiometer should be such that it is possible to change the measuring ranges without re-adjusting the rheostat or changing the value of working voltage of the battery. This is essential so that once the instrument has been calibrated on x 1 range, calibration of the x 0. The above requirement means that the voltage Dd ac in above figure remains the same for both positions of range switch S.
This condition is satisfied only when the total battery current has the same value for each measuring range. These difficulties to get accurate results mainly arise because of lack of uniformity of slide wire and the difficulties in maintaining the contacts in good shape. However, for some applications higher precision and accuracy are needed, requiring changes in design features.
Some of the features are explained below: The limitations imposed on the performance of ordinary potentiometers by slide wire are eliminated in a vernier potentiometer. This instrument has two ranges: This potentiometer uses the Kelvin Varley arrangement shown below. However, in this potentiometerthere are three measuring dials. The first dial potentiomeetr upto 1.
There is no slide wire. The resistances of the middle dial shunt two of the coils of the first dial. The moving arm of middle dial carries potenfiometer arms spaced two studs apart. In actual practice the resistance of the second dial is greater than that between two studs in the main first dial, so that the voltage drop across the second dial is greater than pltentiometer.
If this is not done the voltage drop in switch contact resistances and leads would render the converge of middle dial to less than 0. The third dial is obtained from a shunt circuit which permits a true zero and a small negative setting to be obtained.
The vernier potentiometer reads to the increment of 0. If a third range of x 0. This does not mean, unfortunately, that small voltages can pogentiometer read with assurance to 0. Measurements are subject to stray thermal and contact EMF s in the potentiometergalvanometer and the measuring circuits.
These EMFs may be of the order of one to several microvolts and are difficult to locate and control. These EMFs can be minimised only by special construction i.
All modern potentiometers incorporate a separate standard cell dial potentiometet calibrating circuit. This provides a means of standard cell balance resistance to suit the emf value of the particular standard cell used.
Also, a separate standard cell dial permits the operator to check the standard cell balance at any time during the course of measurement without disturbing the potentiometer setting. The figure below potentikmeter a separate standard cell dial incorporated in a single range potentiometer.
DC POTENTIOMETER
This potentiometer is provided with an independent standardising circuit AD which can be set on any range of standard cell emf from 1.
A drop of 1. Thus a considerable change in standard cell emf owing to temperature changes can be allowed for the operation of the circuit below.
The slide wire of the calibrating circuit is set to read the emf of the standard cell which is connected to the potentiometer.
The selector switch S is put in the calibrate position and the rheostat is adjusted so that there is no current flowing through the galvanometer. This fixes the working current to its proper value. The switch S is then thrown to the operate position and unknown emf is read by adjusting the measuring circuit dial and slide wire. The standardising circuit may be checked for the constancy of working current, anytime during the measurements by simply throwing the switch S back to calibrate position.
This process does not disturb the measuring circuit while convenience and speed of measurements are increased. Brooks deflectional potentiometer is used for applications where the voltage to be measured is continuously changing, with a conventional type of potentiometersit becomes impossible to obtain exact balance even when the changes are slow since it is difficult to follow the changes by manipulation of the dials. The figure below shows a deflectional potentiometer.
In this potentiometer, only one or two main dials, consisting of decade resistance boxes, are used. A centre zero type galvanometer is included in the circuit to indicate deflection.
The galvanometer circuit includes a set of compensating resistors R 1R 2. The value of the compensating resistors is such that the resistance of the potentiometer circuit, as viewed from terminals, where the unknown emf is applied, remains constant irrespective of the position of the sliding contacts.
This means that current through the galvanometer will always be proportional to the out of balance current whatever may be the setting of the main dials. Thus the galvanometer scale can be calibrated to read the out of balance emf directly. The value of the unknown emf is obtained by adding the galvanometer reading to the main dial setting.
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The main dial setting is kept nearly equal to the emf being measured. The potentiometer is used to monitor the value of temperature where a thermocouple is employed. The output of the thermocouple is fed to the unknown emf terminals. Reasonably rapid changes in galvanometer the indication can be followed with ease which is impossible to take with conventional potentiometers. You can download this article as pdf, ppt. If you have questions, then you can email me palakalaamarnath gmail.
Amarnath Reddy I am a graduate in electrical engineering and blogger by passion. Electrical measurementsMeasurements. Newer Post Older Post Home. Duo range type potentiometer. Single range potentiometer using independent calibrating circuit.